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KMID : 0352120220370010001
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Journal of Kyung Hee University
2022 Volume.37 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.10
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The Past and Present of Monkeypox
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Lee Yu-Mi
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Abstract
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Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease caused by monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopox genus of the Poxviridae family, presenting with a skin rash similar to smallpox. Monkeypox has been recognized as an endemic infection in Central and West Africa. However, the incidence of monkeypox continues to increase in local communities, mainly in Europe, Canada, and the United States in 2022. The beginning of the spread was the case in a person with a history of travel to Nigeria on May 7 2022 in the United Kingdom. According to the World Health Organization report, the number of cases of monkeypox exceeded 26,000 in August 2022. The monkeypox virus is thought to be transmitted through contact with an infected body fluids and respiratory secretions. Sexual contact is presumed to be the main route of transmission in 2022, as the worldwide spread of monkeypox mainly occurred in men who have sex with men (MSM) or bisexual people. The typical rash that progresses to blisters, pustules, and crusts, spreading from the face to the extremities, is the main presentation of monkeypox. Post-exposure management with monkeypox vaccination such as modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine or ACAM 2000 vaccine according to the exposure risk is necessary to block the transmission. The monkeypox patients with mild or uncomplicated infections require only symptomatic treatment. Antiviral agents such as tecovirimat or cidofovir can use in a high-risk groups for developing severe infections due to monkeypox. MSM and bisexuals should refrain from visiting areas where monkeypox has occurred and avoid contact with suspected monkeypox patients to break the cycle of an epidemic of monkeypox in 2022. In healthcare facilities, the suspicion of monkeypox based on epidemiologic exposure and clinical findings, and prompt reporting and prevention measures should be taken to hamper the spread of infection.
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KEYWORD
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Epidemiology, Monkeypox, Treatment, Vaccine
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